The failures of Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement

By: Laku Modi Tombe, CANADA

JULY 17/2010, SSN; The Sudan’s comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) which was signed in Nairobi, Kenya in 2005 is supposed to do these basic fundamental things: create peace and stability in Sudan; form inclusive interim constitution; transform Sudan to a democratic country; and prepare South Sudanese to determine their right for self-determination in a referendum to either vote for Sudan’s unity or vote for South Sudan independent state in January 9, 2010, under the supervision of international community and nothing else.

However, Darfur rebellion, constant attack by LRA rebel of Uganda, the Sudan’s government [WINDOWS-1252?]militia’s terror, the SPLA brutality on civilian population in South Sudan, the inter-tribal clashes, armed robbers, and lack of international peace keeping force to intervene in order to contain the security situation as per agreement have undermined peace and stability which CPA is supposed to make in South Sudan.

The comprehensive peace agreement did not fulfill the issue of constitution. The current interim constitution does not protect South Sudanese citizens on matters concerning civil, legal, and constitutional rights.

Both presidents of the republic of Sudan and the president of autonomous South Sudan are made to be above the law. The interim constitution let the two men to violate laws and regulations of the country as they have no respect for international laws and universal human rights principles.

The other pitiful shortfall about Sudan’s comprehensive peace agreement is that it had failed to transform Sudan into a democratic country. The initial goal of CPA is transform Sudan in a democratic nation. Unfortunately, Sudan’s April, 2010 elections have not met the international standard because of irregularities, frauds, intimidations, harassments of opposition candidates and voters which had shown the world that Sudan is far from democracy and the CPA objective to transform it into democratic nation is unsuccessful.

In addition to that, countries which were signatures of comprehensive peace agreement never live up to their obligations and commitments entrusted to them to ensure the agreed articles and clauses were implemented as per planed in the agreement.

Instead, the international community have resorted in supporting the National Congress Party and Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in their effort to re-negotiate CPA with some meaningless ideas not included in the package of the agreement.

The recent idea such as confederation which South African former president Thabo Mbaki had tried to promote on behalf of NCP and SPLM, is an example which revealed how the signatures of CPA are not serious and committed to the fundamental issues affecting South Sudanese.
Sudan’s government foreign policies towards South Sudan demand for national independence as is stipulated in comprehensive peace agreement is hostile.

Over the last five years the National Congress Party leadership had mobilized the foreign neighboring countries such as Chad, Egypt, Libya, Eritrea, Kenya etc to fight against South Sudan independence.

Likewise, the NCP government have used its financial superiority to buy not only some African countries but also the famous organization like African Union to work against South Sudanese and to abrogate Sudan’s comprehensive peace agreement.

If South Sudanese put all these factors that account for the failures of the so-called Sudan’s comprehensive peace agreement towards our struggle for freedom into their respective perspectives, then there are plenty of reasons for us to see another betrayal of our revolution from some members of international community, NCP, and SPLM/A in the name of comprehensive peace agreement.

At this juncture South Sudanese nationals should know that they are on their own as usual and shouldn’t think the international community is there to look after them.

At this critical time, South Sudanese need unity in action for the total liberation of our independence. All local communities, civil society, students groups, youth, women association, trade unions, farmers, religious leaders and South Sudan political parties, etc, must stand up firm and defend our last hope at all cost from these forces of doom.

The African brothers in OAU must know that they have just come out from the york of slavery not long ago and they should not pretend not to know how painful slavery is before selling Southerners to the Arabs colonialist in Sudan.

To Mr. Thabo Mbaki, I will say the fact that you tried to sell South African revolution to its former colony during your term in office, is the reason that led to your downfall in South African political arena as president.

Therefore, I appeal to you Mr. Mbaki not transport your South Africa political failure to South Sudan. South Africa is a symbol of African revolution and unity, please don’t discredit the rich history of South African on humanity in South Sudan.

In conclusion, I must say the struggle for South Sudan independence must continue despite the shortcoming of Sudan’s comprehensive peace agreement. The international community support is needed to enable South Sudan revolution progress but it’s not a requirement for our success.

Only South Sudan internal political factors will determine the success and failure of our revolution. We saw these in South Africa, Angola, Nambia, Cambodia, Cuba, Germany etc.

So, let international community, OAU, and SPLM continue to support the terrorist leaders in National Congress Party in a country like Sudan in its campaign against CPA, and leave South Sudan struggle alone because we will win our freedom without them.

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