|
Appeal to
inhabitants of
Southern Sudan from a European:
Renaming of
Southern Sudan into Nilotia or Nilotland is a prerequisite for the real
independence,
liberty, successful development, and prosperity of your country!
BY: Alex Dobrovolsky, UKRAINE
DEC 23/2009, SSN;
First of all,
the inhabitants of Southern Sudan should break any spiritual liaison
with Arabic Sudan and with all Arabic World and separate from Arabic
Sudan and from all Arabic World psychologically.
And for this it is necessary to get rid of the word “Sudan” in the name
of their country.
The Holy Bible
gives several examples when people began the new life and changed their
names.
God
established the covenant with Abram and renamed him into Abraham
(Genesis, 17: 1—10).
God renamed
Jacob into Israel (Genesis, 32: 24—32).
Jesus Christ
called Simon to the ministry as one of the twelve apostles and renamed
him into Peter and Cephas (Luke, 6: 12—16 and John, 1: 35—42). The words
“Peter” and “Cephas” mean “a rock”.
In the history
of humanity there were many cases of renaming the nations and the
states. Between 1950 and 1990 there were at least 14 cases of renaming
the states! Of these 12 took place in Africa, one in Central America and
one in the remote islands of Oceania. In most cases the state received
the new name at the moment when it attained independence.
Two the most
successful renaming in Africa are renaming of Northern Rhodesia into
Zambia and renaming of South-West Africa into Namibia.
Between 1889
and 1905 the lands of present Zambia and Zimbabwe went under the rule of
the British South Africa Company (BSAC). In 1911 the administration of
the BSAC divided the mentioned territory into two administrative units:
Northern Rhodesia to the north from river Zambezi and Southern Rhodesia
to the south from Zambezi. In
1964
Northern Rhodesia became an independent state and received the new name
Zambia in accordance with the name of river Zambezi.
The
causes for renaming were as following.
Firstly,
people in all the world at large used to confuse Northern Rhodesia and
Southern Rhodesia.
Secondly, the
name “Northern Rhodesia” is not convenient to use in conversation and in
the printed text. Think, how awkwardly the next phrase sounds: “in
northern part of Northern Rhodesia” compared with “in northern Zambia”.
It is quite
obvious that people in all the world at large often used to confuse
Southern Sudan with Northern Sudan. And it is quite obvious that the
name “Southern Sudan” is not convenient for usage in talks and in the
printed text.
Let us agree
that phrase “in the city Raga in the western part of Southern Sudan” is
heard verbose. And how short and clear is the phrase “in the city Raga
in western Nilotia”.
Between 1883
and 1890 South-West Africa went under the power of Germany. Later on, in
1914—1915 (juridically in 1920) South-West Africa went under the power
of South Africa. Between 1960 and 1970 South-West Africa received the
name Namibia as the second name in accordance with the name of desert
Namib in the littoral part of the country. In 1990 South-West Africa
became an independent state with new name Namibia. The causes for
renaming were as following.
In the first
place, the inhabitants of South-West Africa wished to emphasized that
their country has incredible beautiful desert Namib with red-colored
sands, where unusual plants are growing and where a lot of species of
animals and birds are dwelling.
In the second
place, the name “South-West Africa” is inconvenient to use in talks and
in the printed text (as well as the names “Northern Rhodesia” and
“Southern Sudan”).
In Africa:
desert Namib
gave the name to Namibia state;
mountain-volcano Cameroon gave the name to Cameroon state;
mountain Kenya
gave the name to Kenya state;
lake Chad gave
the name to state Chad;
river Zambezi
gave the name to Zambia state;
river Senegal
gave the name to Senegal state;
river Gambia
gave the name to Gambia state;
river Niger
gave the names to states Niger and Nigeria;
river Congo
gave the names to states Congo-Brazzaville and Congo-Kinshasa (former
Zaire).
In Latin
America:
river Paraguay
gave the name to Paraguay state;
river Uruguay
gave the name to state Uruguay;
lake Nicaragua
gave the name to Nicaragua state.
About half of
the population of Southern Sudan lives on the banks of river Nile, the
capital Juba is situated on the bank of Nile, and all the rivers of
Southern Sudan flow into Nile. Hence, it is quite natural to rename
Southern Sudan into Nilotia or Nilotland in accordance with the name of
the river Nile. In addition, in Southern Sudan and in other countries of
Africa grows the tree Acacia nilotia.
In scientific ethnographic literature Southern Sudan is often named as
Nilotic Sudan (in French
—
Soudan Nilotique).
Other 10 cases
of renaming of the states which took place in African continent.
In 1957 two
British protectorates Gold Coast and British Togoland Trust Territory
united into the integrated independent state Ghana.
In 1960 French
protectorate Ubangi-Shari (Oubangui-Chari in French) became an
independent state with new name Central African Republic or shortly
Centroafricana (in French — République Centrafricaine, or Centrafricaine).
In the same
1960 French Sudan (in French — Soudan Française) became an independent
state with new name Mali.
In 1964
British protectorate Nyasaland became an independent state with new name
Malawi.
In 1966
British protectorate Basutoland became an independent state with new
name Lesoto.
In same 1966
British protectorate Bechuanaland became an independent state with new
name Botswana.
In 1968
Spanish Guinea (in Spanish — Guinea Español) became an independent state
with new name Equatorial Guinea (in Spanish — Guinea Ecuatorial).
In 1960 French
protectorate Dahomey became an independent state. In 1975 the
inhabitants of Dahomey renamed their state into Benin, in French — Bénin.
In 1965
Southern Rhodesia became an independent state. In 1980 the inhabitants
of Southern Rhodesia renamed their state into Zimbabwe.
In 1960 French
protectorate Upper Volta (Haute-Volta in French) became an independent
state. In 1984 the inhabitants of Upper Volta renamed their state into
Burkina Faso.
Very successful renaming of a country was done in Central America in
order to avoid confusion. For a long time people in all the world
confused Honduras (former Spanish Honduras) with neighboring British
Honduras. In 1981 British Honduras became an independent state, and this
very year inhabitants of new state renamed their country into Belize (in
Spanish
—
Belice).
Also very successful renaming of a country was done in Oceania.
Between 1887
and 1980 islands New Hebrides (in French — Nouvelles Hébrides) in
Pacific Ocean were under the common rule of Great Britain and France. In
1980 New Hebrides became an independent state with new name Vanuatu.
Many people in
Europe, Northern America, Latin America and in other continents
erroneously take Southern Sudan and Northern Sudan for single Arabic
Nation as one and indivisible ethnic community.
People interpret the wars in Southern Sudan
(1955—1972,
1983—2005)
as the civil
wars inside the single Arabic Sudanese Nation like civil wars in Lebanon
inside single Arabic Lebanese Nation.
The
name “Southern
Sudan”
mistake
the most people in the planet.
Many
inhabitants of Southern Sudan speak about so:
We are
proud that our skin is the most black in the planet.
In
Arabic language the word “Sudan” means “land of blacks”. And “black is
beautiful”. And we wish to conserve the name “Southern Sudan”.
But such an
argument may be refuted.
Firstly,
people outside Northern Africa and Middle East do not know Arabic
language, and thus do not know that word “Sudan” means “country of the
blacks”.
Secondly,
Arabs called with the word “Sudan” lands of conquered black tribes,
which were under their power. Up to 1823 no Arabic authorities existed
and there were no Arabic settlements on the lands of Nilotian tribes
from Renk to the South. Therefore, up to 1823 the name “Sudan” had not
any relation to contemporary Southern Sudan.
In
2000
AC
(4010
years ago):
1) Nilotian
tribes (descendants of Cush in the Bible) lived in valleys of rivers
Nile, Atbara, Blue Nile, and White Nile from Egyptian border in the
North up to rivers El-Gazal and Sobat in South and to the Ethiopian
border in East;
2) Ancient
Egyptians (descendants of Mizraim in the Bible) lived in valley of river
Nile from Sudanese border up to Mediterranean Sea;
3) tribes
Blemmyes-beja lived between river Nile and Red Sea in Sudan and Egypt.
The most
numerous Nilotian tribes were Nubians. Nubians lived mostly in valleys
of the rivers Nile (between Khartoum and Egyptian border), Atbara and
Blue Nile.
Other
Nilotians lived over the territory from Khartoum up to Malakal, and also
together or side by side with Nubians in the savannah and desert near
river Nile.
Gradually,
during 3000 years, from 2000 AC up to 1000 AD Nubians mixed genetically
with the tribes Blemmyes-beja and with ancient Egyptians. Languages of
these two nations had an influence upon the language of Nubians. By 1000
AD the Coptic (Egyptian) Church gained a foothold in all Nubia, and two
principal literature languages of Nubia became Nubian and Coptic.
Thereby, in
year 1000 (1010 years ago) Nubians separated finally from Nilotians and
became a separate people. Nilotians preserved their genetic and
linguistic purity.
In 1000 in
Northern Sudan the following communities lived:
1) Arabs and
Blemmyes-beja between river Nile and Red Sea;
2) tribe
Darfur in the mountains Darfur;
3) Nubians in
valleys of the rivers Nile (up to Khartoum), Atbara and Blue Nile;
4) Mountain
Nubians and Kordofanian tribes in the mountains Dar-Nuba and Kordofan.
Nilotians in
the very year 1000 lived already in all lands of Southern Sudan, as well
as on the strip of land 50 kilometres in width to the North from the
river El-Arab (including the region Abyei!)
Different
ethnic groups of Northern Sudan and Nilotian tribes of Southern Sudan by
year 1000 were entirely and finally separated by the invisible wall in
relation to genetics, languages and customs.
And now about
the most significant. Between 1000 and 1823 (during 823 years!)
Nilotians of Southern Sudan had nearly no contacts with the tribes of
Northern Sudan. HISTORY is a weighty argument for renaming of Southern
Sudan.
Between years
700 and 900 Arabs conquered the tribes blemmyes-beja between river Nile
and Red Sea.
Between 1172
and 1500 (during 328 years) Arabs conquered Nubia (and also renamed
Nubia into Sudan!).
Then between
1500 and 1750 Arabs conquered regions Dar-Nuba and Kordofan.
In 1820—1822
Egyptians conquered all Northern Sudan (except of Darfur) and
established Khartoum, and from 1823 Egyptian-Sudanese troops began
conquer Nilotian lands in contemporary Southern Sudan.
Up to 1875
Arabs from Egypt and Northern Sudan had created a network of the
footholds in all the territory of Nilotia (Southern Sudan). Between 1870
and 1875 Egypt conquered Darfur.
Between 1850
and 1870 the British began to penetrate into Southern Sudan, and then
between 1882 and 1905 Northern and Southern Sudan passed under the rule
of Great Britain. But clashes between Arabs and Nilotians continued.
Then Great Britain separated Southern (Nilotic) Sudan from Northern
(Arabic) Sudan territorially and administratively in 1920—1923, the
Arabic merchants and officials being expelled from Southern Sudan.
Between
1923
and
1946
(during
more than
22
years)
Northern (Arabic)
Sudan
and Nilotia
(Southern
Sudan)
actually existed as two separate parts of British Empire,
and
these two parts had different administrations,
different laws and different systems of education.
Between 1923
and 1946 there were no Arabs in Southern Sudan, and on the border
between the both parts of Sudan the British guard stood.
But beginning
from 1946 the British authorities in spite of ethnic differences
commenced to lead a policy of the artificial unification of Northern and
Southern Sudan, and in 1953—1956 the North and South were unified into
the integral state Sudan despite of Nilotian’s wishes and despite of a
History.
Nilotians
during the last thousand years had and have strong relationships with
peoples of Equatorial Africa .
Between 1000
and 1750 Nilotians settled down on the western and northern lands of
Kenya, on the northern lands of Uganda, and on the north-eastern part of
Zaire (Congo-Kinshasa).
Between 1750
and 1850 the tribes Adamawa (Azande -Mündü-Ndogo)
arrived from the West into Nilotia.
Probably in
1000 existed a single Nilotic language with multiple dialects. Little by
little between 1000 and 1950 (during 950 years) the dialects of a single
Nilotic language developed into the separate languages of Uganda, Zaire,
Kenya, and into 12 separate languages of 12 main ethnic communities of
Nilotia: Dinka,
Bari,
Lotuko,
Nuer,
Shilluk,
Murle,
Moru,
Madi,
Luo,
Anuak,
Acholi,
Toposa. These 12 Nilotian tribes should remember their common origin
from one root, and together with tribes Adamawa (Azande, Mündü,
Ndogo) should initiate building the prospering Nilotia state.
Remember about
millions of people, who perished for independent state Nilotia in wars
1823—1923, 1955—1972, and 1983—2005.
Of all the
nations of Africa just Nilotia has the most heroic history.
Renaissance of
Equatorial Africa will begin in 2011 from independence and from renaming
of Southern Sudan into Nilotia or Nilotland.
It is necessary to introduce the words “Nilotic” and “Nilotian”
everywhere: Nilotic Nation,
Nilotian people,
Nilotians, Nilotic University of Juba, Nilotic Petroleum Corporation,
Nilotian Electricity Corporation,
Nilotian Gas Company, Nilotic Central Bank.
Change the
name of your country as quickly as possible, and separate from Arabic
Sudan! Tomorrow it may be too late! Today the door of salvation is open!
Sincerely,
Alex
Dobrovolsky (Ukraine)
22 of
December, 2009
E -mail:
bienvoeu@i.com.ua
NB: Dear Mr.
Editor-in-Chief of electronic magazine “South Sudan Nation”,
I am Alex
Dobrovolsky,
born in
1974,
a
citizen and inhabitant of Ukraine. I am a geographer. It’s me who has
suggested naming Southern Sudan as Nilotia or Nilotland. On the
7th of July 2009, I received your letter with an attachment written by
Rengo Gyyw Rengo- “No renaming Southern Sudan if it chooses to break
away”.
I surprised
that not all the inhabitants of Southern Sudan want to rename their
country.
Therefore I write once again a new message in the form of an appeal to
inhabitants of Southern Sudan,
where I
explained in details,
why it
is necessary to rename Southern Sudan without fail.
I beg you to
place my message as a page on the site
“South
Sudan Nation”.
Here is my message.
COMMENTS, PLEASE CLICK HERE
Disclaimer:
Disclaimer: The views expressed
above are solely those of the author and do not represent those of the
website. |